Risk factors are not warning signs
A risk factor may exist for months or years. A warning sign is a change in speech, mood, or behavior that may signal a developing or immediate crisis. Knowing risk factors should make us more attentive—not fatalistic.
Individual and relationship factors
- Previous suicide attempt
- Mental-health or substance-use concerns
- Serious illness or chronic pain
- Impulsive or aggressive tendencies
- Relationship loss or high-conflict relationships
- Bullying, violence, trauma, or social isolation
Community and societal conditions
- Barriers to physical or behavioral health care
- Community violence or discrimination
- Economic stress
- Unsafe media or community responses after a suicide
- Easy access to lethal means among a person at risk
Protective relationships
Support from family, friends, partners, schools, faith communities, and other trusted groups can strengthen belonging. Protection is not only about having people nearby; it is about having people who respond, listen, and help connect someone with care.
Skills, care, and safer environments
- Coping and problem-solving skills
- Reasons for living
- Cultural identity and belonging
- Access to consistent, high-quality care
- Reduced access to lethal means during periods of risk
- Connected schools, workplaces, and communities
Build protection before a crisis
Save crisis numbers, identify trusted people, learn warning signs, make care easier to access, reduce shame around asking for help, and create a culture where direct questions and continued follow-up are normal.